Here’s how lunar dust clouds are formed, say scientists

Washington: Scientists have now identified a mechanism explaining the appearance of two dusty plasma clouds (lunar dust) resulting from a meteoroid that impacted the surface of the Moon.
The study, conducted by physicists from the Higher School of Economics and Space Research Institute, was published in JETP Letters.
The collision of a meteoroid with the surface of the Moon greatly changes the properties of the surrounding dusty plasma system by throwing a large quantity of lunar debris, that are dust particles measuring 10-100 microns, into the exosphere.
In 2015, astronomers at the Garden Observatory in Gordola (Switzerland) observed a similar phenomenon when they recorded an optical flash resulting from a meteoroid impacting the Moon.
An international group of scientists using data from astronomical observations concluded had then concluded that a fairly large and fast-moving meteoroid had impacted the Moon, raising two clouds of unknown composition.
Researchers determined that a meteoroid’s collision with the surface of the Moon produces a shock wave that throws up regolith fragments and droplets of molten material into the surrounding free space.